These are the standards OSHA cites most often in manufacturing plants, and the ones we check first on every walkthrough.
29 CFR 1910.212, 1910.219
Machine guarding
Unguarded points of operation, nip points, rotating shafts, belts, and pulleys. Guarding is one of OSHA's most cited standards every year, and missing guards are behind many of the amputations OSHA investigates.
29 CFR 1910.147
Lockout/tagout (hazardous energy)
You need a written program, machine-specific procedures that list every energy source, trained authorized employees, and a periodic inspection of each procedure at least once a year. The annual inspection is the piece most plants forget.
29 CFR 1910.1200
Hazard communication
A written program, an up-to-date chemical inventory, a Safety Data Sheet for every product, and labels on secondary containers. Spray bottles and unlabeled buckets show up in almost every audit.
29 CFR 1910.95
Noise and hearing conservation
If employees are exposed at or above 85 decibels averaged over a shift, you need noise monitoring, annual hearing tests, hearing protection, and training.
29 CFR 1910.178
Powered industrial trucks (forklifts)
Operators must be trained and evaluated on the truck they drive, with a performance evaluation at least every three years, and trucks must be inspected before each shift.
29 CFR 1910.303, 1910.305
Electrical
Blocked electrical panels, open knockouts, damaged cords, and extension cords used as permanent wiring. Easy to fix, and easy for an inspector to spot from the aisle.
29 CFR 1910.132(d)
PPE hazard assessment
OSHA expects a written, certified hazard assessment that explains why each job requires the PPE it does. Many plants hand out safety glasses but never document the assessment.
General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1)
Combustible dust
Wood, metal, plastic, and food dust can explode. OSHA enforces this through a National Emphasis Program and the General Duty Clause, so housekeeping and dust collection get a close look.